Interactive transcript · 172 lines
Good morning, and welcome to TalkCast.
美好的早晨，欢迎来到TalkCast。
This is your daily morning English news digest, where we bring you the world's most compelling
这是您每日的早间英语新闻摘要，在这里我们为您带来世界上最引人注目的
stories in clear, engaging, and accessible English.
清晰、生动且易懂的英语故事。
I am Ethan, your lead anchor.
我是伊森，您的主播。
And a wonderful morning to everyone tuning in.
祝每一位收听节目的听众早安。
I am Emma, your co -host and commentator.
我是埃玛，您的联合主持人和评论员。
Today is October 25th, 2026.
今天是2026年十月25日。
Whether you are brewing your first cup of coffee, preparing breakfast for the family, or stepping
无论您是在冲泡第一杯咖啡，为家人准备早餐，还是迈步
out on your morning walk, we have an inspiring lineup of science, technology, and everyday insights
走出家门晨练，我们都有一份鼓舞人心的科学、技术和日常见解阵容
to brighten your morning.
来点亮您的早晨。
Here is what we are covering today.
以下是我们今天要报道的内容。
In archaeology and ancient history, biometric analysis of clay impressions on the Kin Terracotta
在考古学和古代历史中，对秦兵马俑陶泥印记的生物识别分析
Army reveals that nearly a third of the craftspeople were women, rewriting long -held assumptions
表明近三分之一的工匠是女性，这重写了人们长期以来的假设
about the imperial workshops.
关于皇家作坊的认知。
Then in high -tech manufacturing, global chipmakers enter an unprecedented race for advanced
随后在高科技制造业中，全球芯片制造商展开了一场空前的先进竞赛
lithography systems, with equipment orders extending all the way to 2030.
光刻系统，设备订单一直延伸到2030年。
We also explore a surprising medical development.
我们还将探讨一项令人惊讶的医学发展。
Why the standard seasonal flu shot is dropping from four strains down to three, as one influenza
为什么标准季节性流感疫苗将从四种毒株减少到三种，因为有一种流感
lineage appears to have vanished entirely.
谱系似乎已经完全消失了。
Plus, in consumer lifestyle, why millions of young consumers are packing away classic canvas
另外，在消费生活方式方面，为什么数百万年轻消费者收起了经典的帆布
sneakers in favor of ergonomic comfort.
球鞋，转而追求人体工学的舒适感。
And our morning briefs highlight an essential vehicle safety warning about claw hair clips,
我们的早间简报重点关注了一项关于抓夹的至关重要的汽车安全警告，
alongside sightings of a living fossil viper and new school holiday schedules.
以及对一种活化石毒蛇的目击和新的学校假期日程安排。
Ethan, let us start underground in the historic pits of Xi 'an.
伊森，让我们从西安历史遗址坑的地下开始。
Our lead story brings a stunning revelation from the world of bioarchaeology.
我们的头条新闻带来了来自生物考古学界的惊人启示。
For over 2 ,200 years, the life -size terracotta warriors have guarded the mausoleum of China's first emperor.
2200多年来，真人大小的兵马俑一直守卫着中国第一位皇帝的陵墓。
Now, a meticulous biological study of 23 pottery statues in pit number one has uncovered 79 ancient
现在，对一号坑23尊陶俑进行的一项细致的生物学研究揭示了79个古代
fingerprints pressed into the clay.
按在陶泥中的指纹。
Fingerprints left behind in wet clay over two millennia ago?
在两千年前的湿泥中留下的指纹？
That sounds like an ancient forensic detective case.
这听起来像是一个古代法医侦探案件。
What did the scientific analysis reveal about the artisans who left them?
科学分析对留下它们的工匠有什么发现？
Through quantitative biometric analysis, researchers determined that approximately 32 .7 percent,
通过定量生物识别分析，研究人员确定，大约32.7%，
nearly one -third, of those identified prints belong to adult female artisans.
经确定的指纹中近三分之一属于成年女性工匠。
Wait, Ethan, let us pause right there for our language learners.
等等，伊森，让我们为语言学习者在这里暂停一下。
How can modern scientists look at a faint impression in fired clay and determine whether the person
现代科学家如何通过观察烧制陶泥上的微弱印记来判断
who pressed it was male or female?
按压它的人是男性还是女性？
They measure what forensic anthropologists call epidermal ridge density.
他们测量法医人类学家所称的表皮嵴密度。
The friction ridges on human fingers, the tiny lines that create fingerprints, tend to be
人类手指上的摩擦嵴，即构成指纹的微小线条，往往
significantly denser and finer in adult females compared to adult males.
与成年男性相比，成年女性的这些线条显著更密、更细。
By calculating the number of ridges per square millimeter with microscopic precision, researchers
通过以显微镜般的精确度计算每平方毫米的嵴数，研究人员
can establish biological profiles with high statistical certainty.
可以以高度的统计学确定性建立生物学特征。
That is incredible.
这真是令人难以置信。
In many history textbooks, massive imperial construction projects like the Terracotta Army were
在许多历史教科书中，像兵马俑这样宏大的皇家建筑工程
traditionally pictured as strictly male -dominated corvée labor camps.
传统上被描绘为纯粹由男性主导的徭役劳工营。
This evidence shows that women were not merely peripheral.
这一证据表明，女性并非仅仅处于边缘地位。
They were skilled craftspeople, shaping, detailing, and assembling these masterpieces with their own hands. Exactly.
她们是熟练的工匠，亲手塑造、刻画和组装这些杰作。没错。
It offers tangible, human -level biological evidence of the social and economic roles held by women
它为女性在秦代所扮演的社会和经济角色提供了切实的人本级生物学证据。
in the Qin dynasty.
在秦朝。
From ancient clay craftsmanship, let us now fast forward to the ultimate frontier of modern
从古代陶泥工艺，让我们现在快进到现代的终极前沿
precision manufacturing, silicon chips.
精密制造，硅芯片。
Our second story takes us into the semiconductor industry, where equipment manufacturers report an
我们的第二则报道将我们带入了半导体行业，设备制造商报告称
extraordinary rush.
出现了空前的抢购热潮。
Leading manufacturers, including ASML, report that clients have already submitted equipment
包括ASML在内的领先制造商报告称，客户已经提交了设备
inquiries and reservations, stretching as far ahead as 2029 and 2030.
查询和预订，时间甚至一直延伸到2029年和2030年。
To meet this explosive demand, manufacturing capacity for both extreme ultraviolet, known as EUV,
为了满足这爆发式的需求，无论是被称为EUV的极紫外线
and deep ultraviolet, or DUV lithography machines, is being expanded by 30 % next year.
还是深紫外线（DUV）光刻机的制造能力，都将在明年扩大30%。
Meanwhile, Canon is preparing to ramp up its alternative nano -imprint lithography systems.
与此同时，佳能正准备加大其替代性纳米压印光刻系统的生产。
Ethan, for those of us who do not work in cleanroom semiconductor labs, could you give us an
伊森，对于我们这些不在无尘半导体实验室工作的人来说，
everyday metaphor for what a lithography machine actually does?
你能用一个日常的比喻来解释光刻机实际上是做什么的吗？
Imagine the most advanced photographic slide projector on Earth.
想象一下地球上最先进的幻灯片投影仪。
But instead of projecting family vacation photos onto a living room wall, it projects microscopic
但它不是把家庭度假照片投射到客厅的墙上，而是将微观的
electrical highway maps onto silicon wafers.
电子高速公路地图投射到硅晶圆上。
EUV lithography uses light with an ultra -short wavelength of just 13 .5 nanometers.
EUV光刻技术使用的是波长仅为13.5纳米的超短波光。
It allows engineers to etch billions of microscopic transistors onto a piece of silicon smaller than
它允许工程师在一块比……还要小的硅片上蚀刻数十亿个微小的晶体管
a postage stamp.
邮票还小的硅片上。
Billions of microscopic circuits printed by concentrated beams of light.
数十亿微小的电路是由集中的光束打印出来的。
And because generative artificial intelligence, electric vehicles, and high -performance computing
由于生 成式人工智能、电动汽车和高性能计算
centers are expanding so rapidly worldwide, no company can build next -generation microchips without
中心在全球范围内以如此迅速的速度扩张，没有任何公司能够在没有
these ultra -complex machines. Precisely.
这些超级复杂机器的情况下制造下一代微芯片。确实如此。
Because building a single EUV machine requires hundreds of thousands of precision components,
因为制造单台EUV机器需要数十万个精密部件、
specialized mirrors, and lasers, delivery lead times take years.
专门的镜子和激光器，交付交货时间需要数年。
Chipmakers must book their orders nearly half a decade in advance to secure their place in line.
芯片制造商必须提前近五年预订订单，以确保他们排队的位置。
It is truly the backbone of global digital infrastructure.
它确实是全球数字基础设施的支柱。
Now let us move from microscopic silicon chips to microscopic viruses, and a question that has
现在让我们从微小的硅芯片转向微小的病毒，以及一个
puzzled many people preparing for their autumn health checkups.
困扰了许多准备秋季健康体检的人的问题。
If you have visited a clinic recently for an annual influenza vaccine, you might have noticed a
如果你最近去诊所接种年度流感疫苗，你可能会注意到
subtle change in the vaccine options.
疫苗选项中发生了微妙的变化。
For years, the gold standard has been the quadrivalent vaccine, which protects against four distinct
多年来，黄金标准一直是四价疫苗，它可以预防四种不同的
strains of influenza.
流感病毒株。
Yet recently, immunization programs worldwide have begun returning to trivalent, meaning three
然而最近，世界各地的免疫计划已经开始恢复使用三价疫苗，即
-strain vaccines.
-株疫苗。
Some people immediately wondered, are health authorities cutting corners, or did an important
有些人立刻想知道，是卫生当局在偷工减料，还是一个重要的
component simply vanish?
成分就这样消失了？
Ethan, what is the scientific truth behind this shift?
伊森，这种转变背后的科学真相是什么？
The truth is astonishing.
真相令人震惊。
One of the viral lineages has effectively gone extinct.
其中一个病毒谱系实际上已经灭绝了。
Traditional quadrivalent flu vaccines cover two types of influenza A strains and two lineages of
传统的四价流感疫苗涵盖了两种甲型流感病毒株和两种
influenza B, the Victoria lineage and the Yamagata lineage.
乙型流感病毒株，即维多利亚谱系和山形谱系。
However, since March 2020, public health surveillance laboratories worldwide have not detected a
然而，自2020年3月以来，全球公共卫生监测实验室没有检测到
single confirmed case of the Yamagata lineage in human circulation.
任何人在人类传播中感染山形谱系的确诊病例。
Not a single case globally in more than six years.
在六年多的时间里，全球没有出现一例病例。
How did an entire lineage of seasonal flu simply disappear?
一个完整的季节性流感谱系怎么会就这样消失了呢？
Unlike influenza A, which mutates rapidly and spreads through animal reservoirs, influenza B evolves
与甲型流感不同，甲型流感变异迅速并通过动物宿主传播，乙型流感
much slower and relies almost entirely on human -to -human transmission.
进化速度要慢得多，几乎完全依赖于人与人之间的传播。
When global populations adopted comprehensive hygiene measures, wearing masks and reducing travel
当全球人口采取综合卫生措施，佩戴口罩并减少旅行时，
during the early 2020s, the transmission chain of the Yamagata lineage was completely broken.
在2020年代初，山形谱系的传播链被彻底打破了。
That is a remarkable medical milestone.
这是一个了不起的医学里程碑。
Human behavioral precautions inadvertently drove an entire viral lineage into extinction.
人类的行为防范措施无意中将整个病毒谱系推向了灭绝。
So, the World Health Organization officially recommended removing the Yamagata component because
因此，世界卫生组织正式建议移除山形成分，因为
vaccinating people against a virus that no longer exists in nature is completely unnecessary. Exactly.
给人们接种不再存在于自然界中的病毒疫苗是完全不必要的。确实如此。
A trivalent vaccine containing two influenza A strains and the Victoria lineage offers complete,
一种 包含两种甲型流感毒株和维多利亚谱系的三价疫苗提供了全面的、
targeted protection without surplus viral components.
没有多余病毒成分的针对性保护。
From seasonal health to your morning wardrobe, let us talk about a major shift happening in the
从季节性健康到你早晨的衣橱，让我们来谈谈正在发生的重大 转变
footwear aisle.
鞋类过道。
If you take a look at the feet of young commuters in subway stations or on university campuses, you
如果你看一下地铁站或大学校园里年轻通勤者的脚，你
might spot an unmistakable trend.
可能会发现一个显而易见的趋势。
Classic, flat -soled canvas sneakers are quietly disappearing from daily fashion.
经典的平底帆布运动鞋正在悄然退出日常时尚。
Financial reports illustrate this dramatic change.
财务报告阐明了这一巨大变化。
Revenue for legacy canvas sneaker brands like Converse has dropped to approximately $1 .17 billion
像匡威这样的传统帆布鞋品牌的收入已降至大约 11.7 亿美元
for fiscal year 2026, marking a contraction of over 50 % compared to its peak three years ago.
在 2026 财年，标志着比三年前的峰值收缩了 50% 以上。
50 % down.
下降了50%。
I remember when canvas high tops were an absolute uniform for teenagers and young adults.
我记得当时帆布高帮鞋是青少年和年轻成人的绝对标配。
But let us be honest.
但我们要坦诚一点。
Walking 15 ,000 steps across hard city pavement in a shoe with a flat, thin, vulcanized rubber sole
穿着带有平坦、薄而硫化橡胶鞋底的鞋子在坚硬的城市路面上走 15,000 步
feels like strapping flat cardboard to your feet.
感觉就像在脚上绑着平整的硬纸板一样。
Podiatrists, foot and ankle specialists, certainly agree.
足科医生（即足部和踝部专家）对此表示赞同。
Flat canvas sneakers provide minimal shock absorption and lack structural arch support.
平底帆布鞋提供极少的减震吸收，且缺乏结构性足弓支撑。
Over time, prolonged walking on hard concrete can strain the plantar fascia, leading to chronic heel
随着时间的推移，在坚硬的混凝土上长时间行走会拉伤足底筋膜，导致慢性足跟
pain and joint fatigue.
疼痛和关节疲劳。
And modern consumer preferences have fundamentally changed.
而且现代消费者的偏好已经发生根本改变。
Today's younger generation prioritizes athletic functionality, ergonomic footbeds, breathable knit
当今年轻一代优先考虑运动功能、人体工程学鞋垫、透气针织
fabrics, and thick cushioned soles.
面料以及厚实的缓震鞋底。
Whether it is technical outdoor shoes, running sneakers, or relaxed slip -ons, everyday comfort has
无论是专业户外鞋、跑步运动鞋还是休闲一脚蹬，日常舒适度都
decisively won over minimalist canvas retro style.
压倒性地战胜了极简帆布复古风格。
Comfort and physical well -being are clearly driving consumer spending.
舒适度和身体健康显然在推动消费支出。
Speaking of personal well -being, our next story is a vital safety reminder for anyone who drives
说到个人健康，我们的下一个故事对任何开车的人来说都是一个至关重要的安全提醒
while wearing hair accessories.
同时佩戴头发配饰的人。
This warning comes from hospital emergency rooms following a recent rear -end collision where a
这一警告来自医院急诊室，此前发生了一起近期追尾碰撞，其中
female driver's claw hair clip, often called a shark clip, shattered under impact.
女司机的抓夹（通常被称为鲨鱼夹）在冲击下粉碎了。
Physicians are urging commuters never to wear hard plastic or metal claw clips while driving or
医师们敦促通勤者在开车或
riding in motor vehicles.
乘坐机动车辆时切勿佩戴硬质塑料或金属抓夹。
When a vehicle is rear -ended, the occupant's head snaps backward violently into the seat headrest
当车辆被追尾时，乘员的头部会猛烈地向后 撞向座椅头枕
before rebounding forward.
然后向前弹回。
If you are wearing a rigid claw clip at the back of your head, the immense force of the collision is
如果你在脑后佩戴了一个坚硬的抓夹，碰撞的巨大力量会
concentrated directly onto the hard plastic teeth, driving them straight into the scalp and causing
直接集中在硬塑料齿上，将其直接刺入头皮并导致
severe puncture wounds or even cranial fractures.
严重的刺伤甚至颅骨骨折。
It effectively turns a fashionable hair accessory into a sharp, rigid wedge right against the base
它实际上把一个时尚的发饰变成了一个紧贴底部的尖锐、坚硬的楔子
of your skull.
你的头骨底部。
Emergency physicians recommend switching to soft fabric scrunchies, silk ties, or simple ribbons
急诊科医生建议换成软布发圈、丝绸发绳或简单的丝带
whenever you get behind the wheel.
每当你坐到方向盘后面时。
A simple habit change can prevent a devastating injury.
一个简单的习惯改变就可以防止毁灭性的伤害。
A crucial, practical piece of advice for our daily commute.
这是对我们日常通勤的一个至关重要且实用的建议。
Now, let us turn to our morning news briefs, starting with wildlife conservation in southern China.
现在，让我们转向早间新闻简报，从中国南方的野生动物保护开始。
In the Yina Mountain Provincial Nature Reserve in Guangdong, environmental researchers have
在广东崀山省级自然保护区，环境研究人员
officially recorded the presence of the white -headed viper, also known scientifically as Faya's viper.
正式记录到了白头毒蛇（在科学上也称为费氏毒蛇）的存在。
This rare, venomous reptile is often referred to by biologists as a living fossil.
这种罕见的有毒爬行动物经常被生物学家称为活化石。
With its striking contrast of a pale, white head and iridescent dark scales, this primitive viper
凭借其苍白的头部与虹彩的深色鳞片形成鲜明对比，这种原始的毒蛇
represents one of the earliest evolutionary branches of the viper family.
代表了蝰蛇科最早的进化分支之一。
Its discovery in the reserve highlights the growing ecological health and biodiversity of the
它在保护区的发现凸显了日益增长的生态健康和
regional forest ecosystem.
区域森林生态系统。
And finally, some welcome news for schoolchildren and families across several major cities.
最后，对于几个主要城市的中小学生和家庭来说，这是一个受欢迎的消息。
School districts in Shenzhen, Ningbo, Fuzhou, and Changsha have announced their official schedules
深圳、宁波、福州和长沙的学区已经公布了他们的官方日程安排
for autumn breaks.
即秋季假期。
By pairing three instructional rest days with adjacent weekends, students will enjoy five -day mini
通过将三个教学休息日与相邻的周末结合起来，学生将享受五天的微型
-vacations during November.
-假期将安排在十一月。
Education authorities designed the break to encourage outdoor recreation, reduce academic stress,
教育部门设立这个假期是为了鼓励户外娱乐，减轻学业压力，
and allow families to experience autumn nature together.
并让家庭能够一起体验秋天的自然。
What a refreshing way to recharge during the middle of the school term.
在学期中间以这种令人耳目一新的方式来充电，真是个好办法。
From ancient artisans in Xi 'an to high -tech chip foundries and seasonal wellness, that wraps up our
从西安古代的工匠到高科技芯片铸造厂和季节性养生，以上就是我们
TalkCast Morning Digest for October 25, 2026.
2026年10月25日的TalkCast早间文摘。
Before you step into your day, here is our morning reflection question.
在你开始新的一天之前，这里是我们的早间反思问题。
As researchers discover biometric evidence of women crafting the terracotta warriors, how does
随着研究人员发现女性制作兵马俑的生物识别证据，
uncovering tangible, individual traces like a fingerprint transform how we understand ancient
像指纹这样切实的 、个体的痕迹，是如何改变我们对古代的理解的
history compared to reading official historical records?
与阅读官方历史记录相比？
Think about that question, organize your perspective in English, and share your ideas with fellow
思考这个问题，用英语组织你的观点，与志同道合的
learners or friends.
学习者或朋友分享你的想法。
Discussing big ideas is the best path to confident communication.
讨论宏大的想法是实现自信交流的最佳途径。
Have a safe, productive, and wonderful day ahead.
祝你接 下来的一天平安、富有成效且精彩。
Stay curious, stay comfortable, and tune in again tomorrow morning.
保持好奇，保持舒适，明天早上再次收听。
Goodbye, everyone.
再见，大家。
Have a great day.
祝你过个美好的一天。
Bye -bye.
拜拜。
